Chemistry 2

 

The Science Behind Homemade Silly Putty 2

 

To make homemade silly putty you need Elmer's Glue which is just poly vinyl alcohol with water. Then you add Borax solution which through some chemical reactions becomes borate ions.

PVA
and WATER
(normal Elmer's Glue)

PVA
without WATER
(dried up Elmer's Glue)
Elmer's Glue is a mixture of long PVA molecules and water. All of the molecules attract to each other with hydrogen bonds (dipole-dipole attractions). The water helps lubricate the PVA molecules and keeps them sliding around by each other.
When the water evaporates, the glue hardens because many hydrogen bonds (dipole-dipole attractions) can form directly between PVA molecules.

PVA
with WATER and BORATE
(homemade silly putty)
The borate ions form hydrogen bonds (dipole-dipole attractions) directly between two PVA molecules, weakly cross-linking them and causing the mixture to become putty-like. The borate cross-links make it harder for the PVA molecules to slide by each other, but not so difficult that it completely hardens.

<-- see the charges on the surface of these moleucles